SSN 2410-7751 (Print)
ISSN 2410-776X (Online)
License CC-BY.

Biotechnologia Acta V. 19, No. 5 2026
P, 76-85, Bibliography 25, Engl.
UDC 577.25:612.8:620.3
doi:

Full text: (PDF, in English)

EFFECT OF SUNFLOWER SEED HUSK BIOCHAR ON HIGH-KCL -INDUCED L-[³H] GLUTAMATE RELEASE FROM BRAIN NERVE TERMINALS

N. G. POZDNYAKOVA¹ (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-5389)
A. O. PASTUKHOV¹ (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-6412)
A. V. TEREBILENKO² (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-8713)
M. O. IVANYTSYA² (https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0590-8720)
S. V. KOLOTILOV² (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4780-4378)
T. A. BORISOVA¹ (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-1420)
N. V. KRISANOVA¹ (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-2982)

¹ Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
² Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

Aim. The actual task of modern biotechnology is the search for efficient adsorbents, which have the capacity: 1) to detoxicate heavy metals, 2) are biocompatible, and 3) do not influence homeostasis of physiological metals in the nerve cells. Earlier, we demonstrated that pyrolysis biochar from sunflower seed husk with a non-modified surface was biocompatible and contained carbon (89.5%) and calcium (0.4%). The aim was to analyze whether internal biochar calcium (0.4%) influences L-[³H] glutamate release from nerve terminals.

Methods. Key parameters of synaptic transmission were analyzed using presynaptic rat cortex nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and radiolabelled excitatory neurotransmitter L-[³H] glutamate.

Results. It was demonstrated that the biochar did not influence unstimulated tonic release of L-[³H]glutamate from synaptosomes in Ca²⁺-free medium. Stimulated by membrane depolarisation with high KCl, L-[³H]glutamate release from synaptosomes measured in the presence of the biochar in Ca²⁺-free medium was higher in the medium without EGTA than in the presence of EGTA. Whereas membrane depolarisation-induced L-[³H]glutamate release from the nerve terminals measured in Ca²⁺- containing medium was not changed in the presence of the biochar as compared to the control (without biochar).

Conclusion. Internal Ca²⁺ contained in the biochar can be released to the synaptosomal incubation medium. In contrast, this Ca²⁺ content was insufficient to affect the Ca²⁺-dependent release of L-[³H] glutamate from nerve terminals, thereby confirming the biocompatibility of biochar and its prospects for medical application.

Keywords: agricultural waste, sunflower seed husk, pyrolysis biochar, glutamate, presynaptic nerve terminals, brain cortex.

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2026