Details: Hits: 62

ISSN 2410-7751 (Print)
ISSN 2410-776X (Online)

Biotechnologia Acta V. 14, No 4, 2021
Р. 53-63, Bibliography 48, English
Universal Decimal Classification: 602.6:577.2.18:577.112:582.661.21
https://doi.org/10.15407.biotech14.04.053

TRANSIENT EXPRESSION OF REPORTER GENES IN CULTIVARS OF Amaranthus caudatus L.

O. M. Yaroshko, M. V. Kuchuk

Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

Local cultivars of A. caudatus: Helios and Karmin were used as plant material. Amaranth is a new pseudocereal introduced in Ukraine. The plant biomass of amaranth is used in medicine, food industry and cosmetology industry.

Aim. The purpose of the work was to identify the optimal conditions for the transient expression of reporter genes in Amaranthus caudatus cultivars.

Methods. Biochemical and microscopy methods were used in the following work. Seedlings and adult plants of different age were infiltrated with agrobacterial suspensions separately (genetic vector pCBV19 with a uidA gene and genetic vector pNMD2501 with a gfp gene in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 strain).

Results. Transient expression of the uidA and gfp genes was obtained in amaranth plants after conduction series of experiments. The most intensive transient expression of gfp and uidA genes was observed in seedlings infiltrated at the age of 1 day. The maximum fluorescence of the GFP protein was observed on 5th–6th days.

Conclusions. It was shown that the cultivar Helios was more susceptible to agrobacterial infection than the cultivar Karmin. The effectiveness of Agrobacterium mediated transformation was from 16% to 95% for the Helios cultivar and from 12% to 93% for the Karmin cultivar. The obtained results indicate that the studied amaranth cultivars can potentially be used for obtaining transient expression of target genes and synthesizing target proteins in their tissues in the future.

Key words: Amaranthus, uidA, gfp, Agrobacterium, transient expression.

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ISSN 2410-776X (Online)

Biotechnologia Acta V. 14, No 4, 2021
Р. 80-87, Bibliography 10, English
Universal Decimal Classification: 628.331
https://doi.org/10.15407.biotech14.04.080

PROBLEMS OF SOAPSTOCK TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTIONS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

L. Sabliy¹, V. Zhukova¹, S. Konontse², O. Obodovych³, V. Sydorenko³

¹National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
²National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
³Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

Wastewater generated during vegetable oil production contains various pollutants that enter it during soapstock processing: fats and fatty acids and their salts (aqueous soap solutions), glycerin, phosphoglycerates, neutral fat, phosphatides, proteins, carbohydrates, dyes, unsaponifiable and waxy substances, salts, mechanical impurities, etc.

Aim. The purpose of the work was to study the processes of purification of industrial wastewater from oil production and to propose an effective technology for their treatment, taking into account the regulatory requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into the city sewage system.

Methods. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined by the dichromate method. The concentration of suspended solids was determined by gravimetric method.

Results. As a result of research, calcium carbonate was chosen as an alkaline reagent. After treatment of soapstock with calcium carbonate followed by flotation, the effect of removing the suspended particles was 70–75%, and COD decreased by 60%. On the basis of the research, a technology for processing soapstock was proposed, including sequential processes of physicochemical wastewater treatment —averaging, alkalization with calcium carbonate, stage I of flotation, coagulation, stage II of flotation, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, filtration through quartz filters and adsorption on carbon filters.

Conclusion. An effective technology for preliminary cleaning of the soapstocks oil production has been developed. This will significantly reduce the concentration of organic matter and other pollutants in soapstocks, which will significantly reduce the impact of such effluents on the processes of biological wastewater treatment of urban wastewater treatment plants.

Key words: soapstock, vegetable oil, pollutants, technology, treatment, wastewater.

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ISSN 2410-776X (Online)

Biotechnologia Acta V. 14, No 4, 2021
Р. 70-79, Bibliography 42, English
Universal Decimal Classification: 579.695
https://doi.org/10.15407.biotech14.04.070

TWO-STAGE DEGRADATION OF SOLID ORGANIC WASTE AND LIQUID FILTRATE

V. M. Hovorukha, O. A. Havryliuk, I. O. Bida, Ya. P. Danko, O. V. Shabliy, G. V. Gladka, L. S. Yastremska, O. B. Tashyrev

Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

The accumulation of solid and liquid organic waste requires their treatment to develop energy biotechnologies and prevent environment pollution.

Aim. The goal of the work was to study the efficiency of the purification of the filtrate from dissolved organic compounds by aerobic oxidation and methane fermentation.

Methods. The standard methods were used to determine рН and redox potential (Eh), the gas composition, the content of short-chain fatty acids, the concentration of dissolved organic compounds counting to the total сarbon. The efficiency of two types of microbial metabolism for the degradation of soluble organic compounds of filtrate was compared.

Results. The aerobic oxidation was established to provide 1.9 times more efficient removal of dissolved organic compounds, compared with the anaerobic methane fermentation. However, it provided CH₄ yield 1 L/dm³ of filtrate (сarbon concentration — 1071 mg/L). The necessity to optimize the methods for purifying filtrate to increase the efficiency of the process was determined.

Conclusions. The obtained results will be the basis to develop complex biotechnology providing not only the production of environmentally friendly energy H₂ via the fermentation of solid food waste, but also the purification of filtrate to solve the ecological and energy (CH₄ production) problem of society.

Key words: solid organic waste, soluble organic compounds, environmental biotechnologies, hydrogen, methane, fermentation, aerobic oxidation.

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ISSN 2410-776X (Online)

Biotechnologia Acta V. 14, No 4, 2021
Р. 64-69, Bibliography 14, English
Universal Decimal Classification: 616.13. 002+541.183
https://doi.org/10.15407.biotech14.04.064

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CARBON ENTEROSORBENTS TO NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

N. V. Sych, L. I. Kotyns’ka, V. M. Vikarchuk, I. A. Farbun

Institute for Sorption and Endoecology Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

The creation of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is one of the urgent interdisciplinary tasks for modern chemistry and pharmacology. Given the role of hypercholesterolemia in the development of this disease, it is necessary to remove excess amounts of cholesterol from the body. As an alternative to means of lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the possibility of using carbon enterosorbents for efferent therapy is considered.

Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sorption capacity of the adsorbents developed by authors in terms of the possibility of cholesterol adsorption.

Methods. Using the spectrophotometric method, the sorption of cholesterol on samples of adsorbents obtained by chemical activation of waste from the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials — dogwood and coffee residue has been studied.

Results. A comparison of sorption isotherms with the isotherm obtained on the industrial adsorbent SORBEX has been performed. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents is primarily determined by their porous structure. The highest sorption values (7,3 mg/g) have been revealed by the sorption material obtained by chemical activation of cornel seed, an intermediate position (6,3 mg/g) is occupied by the adsorbent obtained from the coffee residue. Industrial carbon SORBEX has the lowest sorption values (5,3 mg/g).

Conclusions. Calculations by Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s models testify about the accordance of the experimental data to Langmuir’s model. The use of the obtained activated carbons may be one of the effective alternative ways to lower blood cholesterol.

Key words: cholesterol; atherosclerosis; low-density lipoprotein (LDL); enterosorbents; metabolism.

References

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4 2022 200pxl gotovo

Biotechnologia Acta V. 14, No 4, 2021
Р. 38-52, Bibliography 84, English
Universal Decimal Classification: 519.8.812.007
https://doi.org/10.15407.biotech14.04.038

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF HYPOXIC STATES IN THE HEART MUSCLE AT VIRAL DAMAGE

N. I. Aralova¹, O. M. Klyuchko², V. I. Mashkin¹, I. V. Mashkina³, Pawe? Radziejowski⁴, Maria Radziejowska⁴

¹V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
²National Aviation University, Educational and Research Institute of Air Navigation, Kyiv, Ukraine
³Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Ukraine
⁴Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland

The main complications of organism damaged by SARS-CoV-2 virus are various cardiovascular system lesions. As a result, the secondary tissue hypoxia is developed and it is relevant to search the means for hypoxic state alleviation. Mathematical modeling of this process, followed by the imitation of hypoxic states development, and subsequent correction of hypoxia at this model may be one of the directions for investigations.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to construct mathematical models of functional respiratory and blood circulatory systems to simulate the partial occlusion of blood vessels during viral infection lesions and pharmacological correction of resulting hypoxic state.

Methods. Methods of mathematical modeling and dynamic programming were used. Transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in organism, partial occlusion of blood vessels and influence of antihypoxant were described by the systems of ordinary nonlinear differential equations.

Results. Mathematical model of functional respiratory system was developed to simulate pharmacological correction of hypoxic states caused by the complications in courses of viral infection lesions. The model was based on the theory of functional systems by P. K. Anokhin and the assumption about the main function of respiratory system. The interactions and interrelations of individual functional systems in organism were assumed. Constituent parts of our model were the models of transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in organism, selforganization of respiratory and blood circulatory systems, partial occlusion of blood vessels and the transport of pharmacological substance.

Conclusions. The series of computational experiments for averaged person organism demonstrated the possibility of tissue hypoxia compensation using pharmacological substance with vasodilating effect, and in the case of individual data array, it may be useful for the development of strategy and tactics for individual patient medical treatment.

Key words: functional respiratory system, transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases, hypoxic state, partial occlusion of blood vessels.

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